Why aren't the two citizens at the left wearing shirts? Why do they want to shoot the man in the overcoat?

Making the overcoat slightly transparent answers both questions. In Robert A. Heinlein's The Puppet Masters, Earth has been invaded by parasites from Titan, a moon of Saturn. The parasites control their victim by attaching themselves to his or her spinal column as shown. The government instuted "Operation Bare Back" to assure that no one was carrying a parasite. (Everyone's worried about the onset of autumn, which will make it impossible to continue in this manner.) Wearing a bulky jacket or an overcoat was an invitation to be blasted through the chest on the spot. Such nightmares, of course, exist only in the world of science fiction...

...and now, thanks to the Palestinian culture of death, in Israel.

When "Operation Bare Back" prevented the parasites from hiding on people's backs, the government instituted "Schedule Sun Tan" in which people wore even less. The parasites preferred the spinal column but they could control a victim even through a finger. Vigilantes saw a woman who was wearing nothing at all except for a purse, which she never put down or even transferred from one hand to the other. They blasted her arm off (replacement limbs were readily available). The parasite in the purse was still alive, "but not for long." The Palestinians also have become more creative in delivering their instruments of death: A baby or a doll's head on a package of explosives? Is the Palestinian businessman checking his watch to see if he's on time for his appointment with a client, or is this terrorist checking to see when the bomb in his briefcase is going to explode? Is the ambulance carrying patients or munitions and terrorists? A house of worship or a gun emplacement? A female homicide bomber disguised her explosives as a pregnancy. Perhaps she was going to go into an Israeli hospital to "give birth" to her "Palestinian baby."

Science fiction author Robert Sheckley wrote a story (The Victim from Space) about a world whose inhabitants wanted to die violently. Violent death was earned by performing deeds that served the society, with "rewards" (in ascending order) consisting of being bashed over the head with a mace, having poisoned slivers driven under one's fingernails, being burned alive, being staked out on an anthill, and something known as "The Ultimate." Suicide, such as arranging to have a tree with long spines fall on yourself or arranging to have a bridge collapse under you, was considered a sin that resulted in punishment in the afterlife.

The Palestinians have actually succeeded in creating a culture of death in which children are raised almost from infancy to become walking bombs. Schoolteachers extol the virtues of "martyrdom" for the Palestinian cause, and the children don't notice that these teachers don't seem to be in any big hurry themselves. Any normal human (any mammalian, in fact) mother's primary concern is the safety of her children but Palestinian mothers celebrate when their children detonate themselves among Israeli civilians.

How the Palestinians create their culture of death From imra.org.il

Thursday, January 9, 2003  Report: "Palestinian Media Watch": Pressures Exerted on Palestinian Children to seek Shahada - Death for Allah   TV: Child Writes to Mother, "Rejoice over My Death"  By Nadav Shragai Ha'aretz January 8, 2003:  "Ask for Death - the life will be given to you." This slogan, which was broadcast on Palestinian television on July 5th of last year, was also the headline chosen by the authors of Palestinian Media Watch as the title of their 40th research report. This report examines the social pressure exerted by the Palestinian Authority [PA] on children to die as "Shahids" [Death for Allah].

...Marcus and his colleagues have concluded that, having been exposed to such messages, young Palestinian children from the ages of six till nine play "death" games and role-play the dead. Children between the ages of 10 to 13 express the will to die, sometimes in televised interviews, and from the age of 14 some even take part in suicide attacks.

• Japan had to destroy its own culture, in which samurai ruled the country and could in theory kill any non-samurai for any reason, to modernize itself during the Meiji Restoration. This led to a civil war in which samurai who were unwilling to accept Westernization were defeated by the new national army. (The Last Samurai may portray these events; I haven't seen it yet.)
• Kemal Ataturk banned the fez in post-Ottoman Empire Turkey, to emphasize the fact that Islam would not be part of the new secular government.
  
• The United States had to destroy Japan's culture of emperor worship in 1945 to make a permanent end of Japanese militarism.
• The Allies also had to de-Nazify Germany in 1945.

The anarchy predicted for Gaza has become a reality. It is now ruled by warlords, armed gangs, an terrorists, with no independent judiciary or anything like the rule of law.
...the killing of Jews is presented as a relgious obligation-- labeling them the enemies of Allah, all to be annhilated.
...This notion of the shahid martyr has become so ingrained in the Palestinian culture that it is a major theme of formal education, family values, religious practices, television broadcasting, posters, pre-suicide eulogies, trading cards, family celebrations, movies, music, games, and summer camp. A study by a Palestinian psychiatrist, Shafik Massalah, found that over half of the Palestinian population ages 5 to 11 dreams of becoming a suicide bomber. The same Maadi said on PA-controlled television, "Shame upon he who does not educate his children in the education of jihad. Blessings upon he who dons a vest of explosives on himself or on his children and goes upon the midst of the Jews." Yet the international media and many governments say almost nothing about these vicious trends. (Mortimer Zuckerman, "A Fulcrum Moment." U.S. News & World Report, December 19 2005)